{"title":"Artificial pigments","description":"\u003cp\u003eSynthetic artist pigments, historic and modern: cadmium reds and yellows, cobalt blues, greens and violets, ultramarines, Mars iron oxides, Prussian blue, viridian, chromium oxide, lead white, Naples yellow, quinacridone and perylene. Dry pigment powder in jars and 1 kg bags. Every product page lists the Colour Index, composition, lightfastness, suitable media and safety notes.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"antimony-trioxide","title":"Antimony trioxide","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntimony trioxide\u003c\/strong\u003e, also called antimony white, is a synthetic white pigment of pure antimony(III) oxide. It is a fine, dense white with good hiding power and low oil absorption, and it contains no lead. Use it for opaque whites and light tints in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e pure white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PW11 (C.I. 77052)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e antimony trioxide, Sb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e antimony white, antimony oxide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6–7 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale; it may yellow with time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 3\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 3\/5 (5 = best); an amphoteric oxide that dissolves in strong acids and alkalis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisperse it with a palette knife or muller in linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic, wetting the powder first so that no dust rises. Because its oil absorption is low, it makes a dense oil paint with relatively little oil; it slows the drying of oil films, so allow extra time between layers. Sulfur fumes can discolor it, so store it closed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout antimony white\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntimony trioxide occurs in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite, but pigment grades are made industrially, mostly by oxidizing antimony metal. It was introduced as an artists' white around 1920 and sold in England under the name Timonox. Today its main use is as a flame-retardant synergist in plastics, and it also opacifies glass, ceramics and enamels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains antimony trioxide, which is suspected of causing cancer when inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs antimony white toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt contains no lead, but it is not harmless: antimony trioxide is suspected of causing cancer when inhaled. Avoid dust and wear an FFP2\/N95 mask when handling the powder.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does it compare with titanium and zinc white?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitanium white covers more strongly than any other white, while zinc white is cooler and more transparent. Antimony white is a dense, opaque, lead-free white with low oil absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193580290295,"sku":"","price":17.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193580323063,"sku":"","price":310.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/antimony-trioxide_6498157f-2eca-45fc-a817-c355ee3c6d09.jpg?v=1793367236"},{"product_id":"cadmium-magenta","title":"Cadmium magenta","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCadmium magenta\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic deep purplish-red pigment powder made of selenium-rich cadmium sulfoselenide (PR108), the darkest shade of the cadmium red family. Despite its name it is not a bright pink magenta but an opaque, lightfast crimson-maroon red for oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep purplish red, crimson to maroon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cadmium pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR108 (C.I. 77202)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium sulfoselenide, a solid solution of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe), rich in selenium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium purple, cadmium red purple\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); decomposed by strong acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or glass muller. On its own it gives deep, covering crimson-maroon passages; mixed with white it gives cool pinks. Keep it apart from copper and lead pigments, which can form dark sulfides, and away from acids, which release toxic hydrogen sulfide from it. Never spray or sand cadmium paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cadmium magenta\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCadmium reds are solid solutions of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide, and the selenium content sets the shade: little selenium gives orange, more gives red, and the most gives deep maroon and purplish shades, sold under names such as cadmium maroon and cadmium red purple. This shade is also known as cadmium purple.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cadmium compounds (a toxic heavy metal): breathing the dust is the main risk, so do not inhale or swallow it; dispose of residues and wash water as hazardous waste, never into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium magenta a true magenta?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is the deepest cadmium red, a dark purplish crimson. For a bright pink-violet magenta, an organic pigment such as quinacridone magenta is the usual choice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is it different from Cadmium red dark?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cadmium sulfoselenide (PR108). Cadmium magenta is deeper and more purple; Cadmium red dark is a deep but clearly red shade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium magenta lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193677349111,"sku":"","price":14.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193677381879,"sku":"","price":260.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cadmium-magenta_a507babe-2b36-43ff-9bb7-e6bf99845260.jpg?v=1793367228"},{"product_id":"chromium-oxide","title":"Chromium oxide","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChromium oxide\u003c\/strong\u003e green is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, anhydrous chromium(III) oxide (PG17). It gives an opaque, muted olive green with strong covering power and is extremely stable to light, lime, heat and most chemicals. Use it in oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco, plaster and ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque, muted olive green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (chromium oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG17 (C.I. 77288)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e chromium(III) oxide, Cr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e chromium oxide green, chrome oxide green, chromia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best); heat-stable to about 600 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder with linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic using a palette knife or muller; for fresco and plaster, disperse it in water. It has a low oil absorption (about 20–22 g per 100 g) and dries well in oil. Chromium oxide covers strongly and works with most pigments and binders, including silicate paints, which makes it a reliable green for underpainting, landscape and wall painting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout chromium oxide green\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChromium was isolated by the French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797, and its green oxide became an artists' pigment in the 19th century. Chromium oxide is very hard (8–8.5 on the Mohs scale, close to corundum) and melts only at 2,435 °C, so it is also used as a polishing compound and in refractories. In nature the same compound occurs as the rare mineral eskolaite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChromium oxide is a chromium(III) compound, not a chromate: it is far less hazardous than hexavalent chromium, but avoid breathing the dust. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs chromium oxide green the same as chrome green?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. Historic chrome green is a mixture of Prussian blue and chrome yellow (a lead chromate). Chromium oxide green is pure chromium(III) oxide and contains no lead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between chromium oxide and viridian?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChromium oxide (PG17) is anhydrous, opaque and olive; viridian (PG18) is the hydrated form, transparent and brighter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does it differ from our Eskolaite?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are chromium(III) oxide greens (PG17) with the same uses; Eskolaite is a slightly lighter shade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43198680400119,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43198680432887,"sku":"","price":105.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/chromium-oxide_d8e478bf-9b24-483e-8ae8-6cd65abdb9c5.jpg?v=1793367211"},{"product_id":"cobalt-blue","title":"Cobalt blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt aluminate (CoAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e), first made by the French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802. It gives a clean, bright, deep blue and is one of the most stable blues: lightfast, heat-resistant and unaffected by acids, alkalis and lime, for oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e clean, bright deep blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt aluminate spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB28 (C.I. 77346)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thénard's blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder with a muller or palette knife into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium. Grind gently: very fine grinding lowers its saturation. Its tinting strength is relatively low, so mixtures need a generous amount, and in oil it is semi-transparent and well suited to glazes. It is also listed for fresco and silicate binders. In thick oil layers kept in dim light, yellowing linseed oil can make it look greenish. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt blue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt ores were used to color glass and ceramics long before the pigment existed, and impure cobalt blue decorated Chinese porcelain for centuries. The pure aluminate pigment was developed by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802, and commercial production began in France in 1807. It remains one of the most popular blue pigments, valued for its stability to light and heat and its compatibility with other pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cobalt blue lightfast and suitable for fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 for lightfastness and 5 of 5 for alkali and lime resistance, and it suits fresco and silicate binders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow do Cobalt blue, Cobalt cornflower blue and Cobalt indigo differ?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll three are cobalt aluminate blues (PB28). Cobalt blue is the bright, deep standard; Cobalt cornflower blue is a lighter, softer shade modified with zinc and magnesium; Cobalt indigo is the darkest grade, almost navy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43205098012919,"sku":"","price":13.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43205098045687,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-blue_99f459b5-10eb-41e1-b496-a5a9c8b68393.jpg?v=1793367203"},{"product_id":"english-red","title":"English red","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnglish red\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic red iron oxide pigment powder (PR101) made by heating iron sulfate (copperas). It gives a cool, dark red with high hiding power and is lightfast and lime-proof, for oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco and lime or cement plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e cool dark red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR101 (C.I. 77491)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e anhydrous iron(III) oxide, Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, from calcined iron sulfate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e light red, iron oxide red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint into fresh lime plaster. It covers strongly, so a little goes far in mixtures: with white it gives cool pinks, with ochres and umbers warm flesh and earth tones. It is heat-stable up to 500 °C and compatible with all other pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout English red\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeating iron sulfate (copperas, green vitriol) decomposes it and leaves red iron oxide, a residue known as colcothar. English red is a former name for iron oxide red; the artificial kind was made by heating iron sulfate, often with chalk. In 1942 a paint standard renamed English red as light red.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs English red a natural pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is synthetic red iron oxide, PR101, made from calcined iron sulfate. For natural reds, see our Red Novgorod earth and our natural hematites.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eHow does it differ from Venetian red?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are synthetic red iron oxide. English red is cooler and darker; Venetian red is a warmer brick red.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and red iron oxides are permanent pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43230527815927,"sku":"","price":3.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43230527848695,"sku":"","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/english-red_55993993-941b-4cbd-8f36-79afe3cb1ff4.jpg?v=1793367186"},{"product_id":"eskolaite","title":"Eskolaite","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEskolaite\u003c\/strong\u003e is our name for this chromium(III) oxide green pigment powder (PG17), a slightly lighter shade than our Chromium oxide. The name comes from eskolaite, the rare natural mineral form of chromium(III) oxide; pigment-grade chromium oxide is made synthetically. It gives an opaque, muted green that is extremely stable to light, lime and heat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque, muted green, slightly lighter than our Chromium oxide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (chromium oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG17 (C.I. 77288)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e chromium(III) oxide, Cr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, the same compound as the mineral eskolaite\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisperse the powder in linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or muller; for fresco and lime or cement plaster, mix it with water first. Oil absorption is low (about 20–22 g per 100 g) and the paint dries well in oil. It covers strongly and can be mixed with most pigments and binders, including silicate paints. Keep the jar closed and dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout eskolaite\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEskolaite is the natural mineral form of chromium(III) oxide. It was first described in 1958 from the Outokumpu ore deposit in eastern Finland and is named after the Finnish geologist Pentti Eskola (1883–1964). The mineral is rare and forms black to dark green crystals with a pale green streak. Chromium oxide for paints is produced industrially, for example by reducing dichromate at high temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChromium oxide is a chromium(III) compound, not a chromate: it is far less hazardous than hexavalent chromium, but avoid breathing the dust. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Eskolaite a natural mineral pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. The name comes from eskolaite, the rare natural mineral of the same composition, but pigment-grade chromium oxide, including this one, is made synthetically.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does Eskolaite differ from our Chromium oxide?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are chromium(III) oxide greens (PG17) with the same properties and uses. Eskolaite is a slightly lighter shade, so choose by color.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243725586679,"sku":"","price":9.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243725652215,"sku":"","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/eskolaite_595a7a9e-b2de-4f76-af02-c6f208ba089e.jpg?v=1793366950"},{"product_id":"mars-black","title":"Mars black","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMars black\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic black iron oxide pigment, Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, the same compound as the mineral magnetite. It is a dense, opaque black that is fully lightfast and lime-proof, so it works in almost every technique: oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco, lime and cement plaster, and ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep black\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PBk11 (C.I. 77499)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(II,III) oxide, Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e black iron oxide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStir it into acrylic medium, gum arabic or egg yolk, or mull it with linseed oil; for fresco, grind it with water, and for plasters and silicate paints add it to the mix. Oil paint made with iron oxide black dries relatively quickly. Mars black is magnetic, so a magnet will pick up spilled powder. Because it is made synthetically, its particle size is controlled and its color is consistent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Mars black\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Mars colors are synthetic iron oxides named after Mars, the alchemists' name for iron; the name came into use in the 18th century. Mars black has been made since the early 20th century. It has the same composition as natural magnetite, but ground magnetite ore gives only a grayish black with weak tinting strength, so the synthetic pigment is used instead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Mars black a natural pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic iron oxide. Natural magnetite has the same formula, but the ground ore gives a grayer black with weak tinting strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use Mars black in fresco and plaster?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. Iron oxide black is lime-proof (5 of 5) and is a standard fresco black; it also suits lime and cement plasters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy is Mars black magnetic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts iron oxide, Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, is the same compound as magnetite, a naturally magnetic mineral, so a magnet attracts the powder.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243825987831,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243826020599,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/mars-black_a2c3ee68-020f-4a06-af67-39df310de2eb.jpg?v=1793366946"},{"product_id":"mars-red-brown","title":"Mars red-brown","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMars red-brown\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic iron oxide pigment powder, also known as Mars orange: Mars yellow gently heated until part of its water is driven off. It looks orange as a powder and in tints, red-orange in thin glazes and red-brown in thick layers. Opaque, lightfast and lime-proof, it suits oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e orange in tints, red-orange in glazes, red-brown in thick layers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY42 (C.I. 77492)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH), partly dehydrated toward red Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e by heating to 200–250 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mars orange\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics: firing turns it into red iron oxide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint into fresh lime plaster. In oil it forms a smooth, plastic paste that spreads easily, and like other iron oxides it dries well. Use it thick for warm red-browns, thin for red-orange glazes, or with white for clear oranges. It mixes with practically all other pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout Mars red-brown\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe water content of an iron oxide sets its shade. Mars yellow is the hydrated oxide; heating drives the water off step by step, giving Mars orange at 200–250 °C and Mars red at about 400 °C. Mars colors appeared as a trade name in the late 18th century and are named after Mars, the alchemists' name for iron.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy is it called red-brown when the powder looks orange?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe name describes how it paints in thick layers, where it reads red-brown. In tints and as a powder it is orange, which is why it is also sold as Mars orange.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs Mars red-brown a natural pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic iron oxide made from Mars yellow, chemically like natural iron oxide earths but free of clay.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCan I use it in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. Its lime and alkali resistance is rated 5 of 5, and iron oxides are classic fresco pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43243837718775,"sku":"","price":3.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243837751543,"sku":"","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/mars-red-brown_8fd8356d-d44e-41ef-89cd-0a375d66107c.jpg?v=1793366942"},{"product_id":"mars-sand","title":"Mars sand","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMars sand\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic iron oxide pigment powder (PY42) in a muted, sandy ochre yellow, duller and darker than our Mars yellow. It is opaque, lightfast and lime-proof: a practical color for sand, stone and earth tones in oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor and fresco, and for tinting lime or cement plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e muted sandy yellow (dull ochre)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY42 (C.I. 77492)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic yellow iron oxide, FeO(OH)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics or heating above about 180 °C: it loses water and reddens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint into fresh lime plaster. To tint lime plaster, limewash or cement, first stir the powder into a little water, then add it to the mix, and test a sample before coloring a large area. It covers well and, like other iron oxides, dries well in oil.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout Mars sand\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic iron oxides come in many shades, because their color depends on the size and shape of the particles. Mars colors were first sold under that trade name in the late 18th century and are named after Mars, the alchemists' name for iron. Being lime-proof, iron oxides are used for fresco painting and to color limewash and cement.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eHow is Mars sand different from Mars yellow?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are synthetic yellow iron oxide, PY42. Mars sand is a duller, darker sandy shade; Mars yellow is a cleaner ochre yellow.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCan I color plaster or cement with it?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. Its lime and alkali resistance is rated 5 of 5. Test a sample first, since the final color depends on the base and the amount of pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs Mars sand a natural pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic iron oxide; for natural yellow earths, see our ochres.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43243846500599,"sku":"","price":3.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243846533367,"sku":"","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/mars-sand_2a9375e0-e274-4966-8605-1d0f84fc64f1.jpg?v=1793366760"},{"product_id":"mars-yellow","title":"Mars yellow","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMars yellow\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic yellow iron oxide pigment powder (PY42), a pure, man-made counterpart of yellow ochre. It gives an opaque, muted ochre yellow with good tinting strength, and it is lightfast and lime-proof, so it works in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e muted ochre yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY42 (C.I. 77492)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic yellow ochre, yellow iron oxide, jaune de Mars\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics or heating above about 180 °C: it loses water and turns orange, then red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint into fresh lime plaster. Yellow iron oxides disperse easily and, like other iron oxides, dry well in oil. With white it gives clean cream tints. Keep it away from heat, which turns it orange and then red.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout Mars yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMars colors began as a trade name in the late 18th century and are named after Mars, the alchemists' name for iron. Mars yellow was made by precipitating iron salts with alum and an alkali; heating it gives the other Mars colors, from orange and red to brown and violet. Its coloring compound is the same as in natural yellow ochre (goethite), but without clay, so it is purer and more uniform.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs Mars yellow the same as yellow ochre?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt has the same coloring compound, iron oxide-hydroxide, but it is synthetic: purer and more uniform than natural ochre, which also contains clay.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between Mars yellow and Mars yellow transparent?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are PY42. Mars yellow has larger particles and covers; Mars yellow transparent is made of nanometer-size particles that let light through, for glazes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCan it be used in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. Its lime and alkali resistance is rated 5 of 5, and iron oxides are classic fresco pigments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43249832886519,"sku":"","price":3.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43249832919287,"sku":"","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/mars-yellow_1523824f-0273-451a-8da7-50d21b555525.jpg?v=1793367109"},{"product_id":"azurite-turquoise","title":"Azurite turquoise","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAzurite turquoise\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic sky-blue pigment powder made from copper phthalocyanine blue (PB15) blended with barium sulfate white. Despite the name it contains no azurite: the name describes its light turquoise-blue color. It is lightfast and lime-resistant, for oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and wall paints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft sky blue with a turquoise tint\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (phthalocyanine blue extended with barium sulfate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e mixture of PB15 (C.I. 74160) and PW22 (C.I. 77120)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e copper phthalocyanine, C\u003csub\u003e32\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c\/sub\u003eCuN\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e, and barium sulfate, BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 4\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics (the organic blue does not survive firing)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStir the powder into your binder with a palette knife; it disperses easily, and occasional small grains rub out quickly. Use egg yolk for tempera, gum arabic for watercolor and gouache, acrylic medium or linseed oil. For fresco, disperse it in water and paint onto fresh lime plaster; it can also tint lime and cement mixes. Phthalocyanine has very high tinting strength, so add the powder to whites gradually.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Azurite turquoise\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopper phthalocyanine was first prepared in 1927 and launched as a pigment in 1935; it is valued for its lightfastness and strong, clean color. Barium sulfate is an inert, transparent white mineral long used as an extender and as a base for lake pigments. Blended, they give a stable light blue whose color recalls finely ground azurite.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes Azurite turquoise contain real azurite?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic blend of phthalocyanine blue and barium sulfate and contains no azurite (copper carbonate). For the natural mineral, choose our Azurite or Azurite Extra class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use it in fresco and lime plaster?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and suits fresco and lime or cement plaster. It is not suitable for ceramics, because the organic blue burns out on firing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeither ingredient is classified as hazardous: copper phthalocyanine has no known specific dangers, and barium sulfate is insoluble and non-poisonous.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193653690615,"sku":"","price":12.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193653723383,"sku":"","price":230.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/azurite-turquoise_8e14764f-2df3-4511-be21-898be87b373d.jpg?v=1793366992"},{"product_id":"cadmium-orange","title":"Cadmium orange","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCadmium orange\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic orange pigment powder made of cadmium sulfoselenide, from the same family as the cadmium yellows and reds. It gives a warm, saturated, strongly covering orange with excellent lightfastness and is used in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache wherever a permanent, opaque orange is needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e warm, saturated orange\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cadmium pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PO20 (C.I. 77202)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium sulfoselenide, a solid solution of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); decomposed by strong acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into the binder with a palette knife or glass muller: linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk for tempera or gum arabic for watercolor and gouache. It disperses easily and tints strongly, so a little goes a long way in mixtures. Do not mix it with copper pigments such as azurite or malachite, and keep it apart from lead pigments: both can form dark sulfides. Keep it away from acids, which decompose it and release toxic hydrogen sulfide. Never spray or sand cadmium paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cadmium orange\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCadmium was discovered in Germany in 1817 as an impurity in zinc carbonate, and cadmium sulfide yellows came into artists' use in the 1840s. Adding selenium moves the color from yellow through orange to red: depending on the ratio of sulfur to selenium, the pigment is classed as Pigment Orange 20 or Pigment Red 108. In our range, Cadmium orange sits between Cadmium yellow light and Cadmium red orange.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cadmium compounds (a toxic heavy metal): breathing the dust is the main risk, so do not inhale or swallow it; dispose of residues and wash water as hazardous waste, never into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium orange lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and cadmium pigments are known for excellent lightfastness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow toxic is cadmium orange?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt contains cadmium, a toxic heavy metal. Cadmium pigments are extremely insoluble, which makes them much less hazardous than other cadmium compounds, but the dust must not be inhaled or swallowed and residues must not go down the drain.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193685344503,"sku":"","price":17.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193685377271,"sku":"","price":310.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cadmium-orange_b307cfe7-e322-4847-aaca-3e8ce2a467db.jpg?v=1793367031"},{"product_id":"cadmium-red","title":"Cadmium red","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCadmium red\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic mid-red pigment powder made of cadmium sulfoselenide, also known as cadmium red medium. It gives a strong, pure, opaque red with excellent lightfastness and is used in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache as a general-purpose opaque red.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e strong, pure mid red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cadmium pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR108 (C.I. 77202)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium sulfoselenide, a solid solution of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium red medium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); decomposed by strong acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into the binder with a palette knife or glass muller: linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic. It disperses easily, covers strongly and tints strongly. Do not mix it with copper pigments such as azurite or malachite, keep it apart from lead pigments, which can form dark sulfides, and keep it away from acids, which decompose it and release toxic hydrogen sulfide. Never spray or sand cadmium paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cadmium red\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCadmium reds reached artists in the early 20th century. Henri Matisse admired the strong new red and recalled trying, without success, to persuade Renoir to swap the traditional cinnabar for cadmium red. In our range, Cadmium red sits between Cadmium red light and Cadmium red dark.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cadmium compounds (a toxic heavy metal): breathing the dust is the main risk, so do not inhale or swallow it; dispose of residues and wash water as hazardous waste, never into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between Cadmium red light, Cadmium red and Cadmium red dark?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll three are cadmium sulfoselenide (PR108). More selenium gives a deeper, cooler red: the light shade is a warm scarlet, Cadmium red a mid red and the dark shade a deep red.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium red lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and cadmium pigments are known for excellent lightfastness.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193700286711,"sku":"","price":18.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193700319479,"sku":"","price":330.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cadmium-red_3be64ae8-5a50-4aeb-a51e-39d9edd731e4.jpg?v=1793367027"},{"product_id":"cadmium-red-dark","title":"Cadmium red dark","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCadmium red dark\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic deep red pigment powder made of cadmium sulfoselenide with a high selenium content. It gives a deep, slightly cool, opaque red with strong tinting power and excellent lightfastness, used in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache for rich dark reds and for deepening warm mixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep, slightly cool red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cadmium pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR108 (C.I. 77202)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium sulfoselenide, a solid solution of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe), rich in selenium\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium red deep\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); decomposed by strong acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or glass muller; it disperses easily. Its tinting strength is high, so add it to mixtures in small amounts. Keep it apart from copper pigments such as azurite and malachite and from lead pigments, which can form dark sulfides, and away from acids, which decompose it and release toxic hydrogen sulfide. Never spray or sand cadmium paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cadmium red dark\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCadmium reds are solid solutions of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide: the more selenium, the deeper and cooler the red. Trade names follow this scale, from cadmium red light through cadmium red to cadmium red deep, cadmium maroon and cadmium red purple. In our range, Cadmium red dark sits between Cadmium red and the even deeper Cadmium magenta.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cadmium compounds (a toxic heavy metal): breathing the dust is the main risk, so do not inhale or swallow it; dispose of residues and wash water as hazardous waste, never into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between cadmium red dark, cadmium red and cadmium red light?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll three are cadmium sulfoselenide (PR108). They differ in selenium content: the light shade is an orange-leaning scarlet, cadmium red a mid red and the dark shade a deep, cooler red.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium red dark lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and cadmium pigments are known for excellent lightfastness.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193706643703,"sku":"","price":18.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193706676471,"sku":"","price":330.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cadmium-red-dark_8666deb1-0049-417b-aa30-5a53b4b996f4.jpg?v=1793367022"},{"product_id":"hansa-arylide-yellow","title":"Hansa (Arylide) yellow","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHansa (Arylide) yellow\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic organic pigment powder, the monoazo arylide yellow PY65: a bright, saturated deep yellow with a reddish tint. Like all arylide yellows, it contains no cadmium. It is semi-transparent with good tinting strength, for acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright, deep reddish yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (monoazo arylide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY65 (C.I. 11740)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e monoazo arylide yellow, C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hansa Yellow Deep, Arylide Yellow RN, monoazo yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7–8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 4\/5, lime 4\/5, acid 2\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 20 g jar · 100 g jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the light powder with a few drops of binder, then mull it into acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or muller until smooth. Arylide yellows have good tinting strength and stain, so add them to mixtures gradually. Being semi-transparent, PY65 glazes well over light grounds and gives warm, clean yellows and oranges in mixtures. Keep it away from acids (acid resistance 2\/5) and store the jar closed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Hansa yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArylide yellows were discovered in Germany in 1909 and are often sold under the name Hansa. They have partly displaced the toxic cadmium yellows and are used in plastics, building paints and inks as well as artists' colors; painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock used arylide yellow. PY65, a deep variety, is also widely used in road-marking paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes Hansa yellow contain cadmium?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic organic pigment (PY65) with no cadmium. Arylide yellows have partly replaced the toxic cadmium yellows in paints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Hansa yellow lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 7–8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and references rate PY65 ASTM I.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhich media is it for?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended for acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"20g","offer_id":43193711788279,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100g","offer_id":43193711821047,"sku":"","price":24.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/hansa-arylide-yellow_3b11630e-35be-4ecc-bc35-09630b8ec7a5.jpg?v=1793367018"},{"product_id":"cadmium-red-orange","title":"Cadmium red orange","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCadmium red orange\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic red-orange pigment powder made of cadmium sulfoselenide. It is a bright, warm, opaque color between cadmium orange and cadmium red light, with high tinting strength and excellent lightfastness, used in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache for vivid warm reds and oranges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright red-orange\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cadmium pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e C.I. 77202 (cadmium sulfoselenide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cadmium sulfoselenide, a solid solution of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e excellent, like other cadmium sulfoselenides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e decomposed by strong acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or glass muller. It covers and tints strongly, so use it pure for bright accents or in small amounts to warm reds and yellows. Avoid mixing it with copper pigments such as azurite or malachite and with lead pigments, which can form dark sulfides, and keep it away from acids, which release toxic hydrogen sulfide from it. Never spray or sand cadmium paint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cadmium red orange\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCadmium pigments take their color from cadmium sulfide, and adding cadmium selenide shifts it toward red: depending on the sulfur-to-selenium ratio, the pigment is classed as Pigment Orange 20 or Pigment Red 108, both under C.I. 77202. Cadmium red orange contains more selenium than Cadmium orange and less than Cadmium red light, so in our range it sits between the two.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cadmium compounds (a toxic heavy metal): breathing the dust is the main risk, so do not inhale or swallow it; dispose of residues and wash water as hazardous waste, never into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cadmium red orange lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. Cadmium sulfoselenide pigments are known for excellent lightfastness and keep their color in light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is it different from Cadmium orange and Cadmium red light?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll three are cadmium sulfoselenides. Cadmium red orange is redder than Cadmium orange and more orange than Cadmium red light, a vivid in-between shade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43193719062775,"sku":"","price":14.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43193719095543,"sku":"","price":260.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cadmium-red-orange_9571bfd6-01d4-4d2a-b2b1-e616c2a128d4.jpg?v=1793366975"},{"product_id":"cobalt-green-dark","title":"Cobalt green dark","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt green dark\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder made of cobalt oxide fired together with zinc oxide, the compound known as Rinman's green (PG19). This darker grade gives a deep, saturated green with a bluish tint. It is valued for its permanence and good covering power in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep, saturated green with a bluish tint\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt zinc oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG19 (C.I. 77335)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt zinc oxide, Zn\u003csub\u003e1−x\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003eO (cobalt built into the zinc oxide crystal)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rinman's green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best); only concentrated acids dissolve it\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into your binder with a palette knife or glass muller: linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk for tempera or gum arabic for watercolor and gouache. For fresco, grind it in water and paint onto fresh lime plaster. Cobalt green has low tinting strength, so mixtures with white turn pale quickly; it is at its best used pure or with small additions. It dries well in oil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt green\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt green is named after the Swedish chemist Sven Rinman, who discovered it in 1780. Cobalt atoms take the place of some zinc atoms in the zinc oxide crystal, and the ratio sets the shade: paler greens contain more zinc oxide. Because it is a weak colorant and relatively expensive, cobalt green has remained a specialty pigment, chosen for permanence rather than strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between cobalt green dark and cobalt green light?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are the same cobalt zinc oxide pigment, PG19. The dark grade is a deeper green with a bluish tint; the light grade is paler because it contains relatively more zinc oxide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cobalt green lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and references give PG19 the top ASTM rating (I).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use cobalt green in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and is recommended for fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43205107482871,"sku":"","price":13.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43205107515639,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-green-dark_d2320c23-1417-412e-88e1-b0a044222c08.jpg?v=1793367013"},{"product_id":"cobalt-green-light","title":"Cobalt green light","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt green light\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder made of cobalt oxide fired together with zinc oxide, the compound known as Rinman's green (PG19). This lighter grade gives a clear, light green with good covering power. It is very lightfast and lime-resistant, for oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e light, saturated green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt zinc oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG19 (C.I. 77335)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt zinc oxide, Zn\u003csub\u003e1−x\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003eO (cobalt built into the zinc oxide crystal)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rinman's green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisperse the powder in linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or glass muller; for fresco, grind it in water and apply it to fresh lime plaster. Its tinting strength is low, so it keeps its light green best when used pure or lightly mixed, rather than combined with much white or with strong colors. It dries well in oil. Store the jar closed in a dry place.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt green\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Swedish chemist Sven Rinman discovered cobalt green in 1780, and it is still called Rinman's green. It is zinc oxide in which a small share of the zinc is replaced by cobalt; the more zinc oxide, the paler the green, which is why this grade is softer than cobalt green dark. A weak colorant and relatively expensive, it has remained a specialty pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does cobalt green light differ from cobalt green dark?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt zinc oxide (PG19). The light grade contains relatively more zinc oxide and is paler; the dark grade is a deeper green with a bluish tint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cobalt green light suitable for fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and is recommended for fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale and ASTM I in references.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43205115445495,"sku":"","price":11.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43205115478263,"sku":"","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-green-light_88f3afa3-23e7-4c2f-a754-e9045eb4d84d.jpg?v=1793367009"},{"product_id":"kron-lead-yellow","title":"Kron lead yellow","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKron lead yellow\u003c\/strong\u003e is chrome yellow: a synthetic lead chromate pigment powder (PY34) with a bright, warm yellow color. Kron is the Russian trade name for chromate yellows. It covers strongly and mixes easily, and Van Gogh used it in his Sunflowers, but it darkens with age and is highly toxic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright, warm yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead chromate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY34 (C.I. 77600, 77603)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead chromate, PbCrO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, co-precipitated with lead sulfate (PbCrO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e·xPbSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e chrome yellow, lead chromate yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale; darkens and browns with age\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e attacked by acids and alkalis; darkens with hydrogen sulfide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e fresco, lime and cement plaster (alkali alters it)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic. It covers strongly and mixes easily with other pigments; mixed with Prussian blue it gives strong greens. Keep it away from sulfide pigments, acids and alkalis. For work that must stay bright for generations, a cadmium yellow is the more lightfast choice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout chrome yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChromium was discovered in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin while he studied crocoite, a red lead chromate mineral. Chrome yellow was in use by the first quarter of the 19th century; the earliest known painting with it, by Sir Thomas Lawrence, dates from before 1810. Many chrome yellow passages, including some in Van Gogh's paintings, have since darkened, and artists turned to cadmium yellow once its instability was known.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead chromate, a hexavalent chromium compound that may cause cancer. As a lead compound it is also toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat does Kron mean?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKron is the Russian trade name for chromate yellow pigments. Kron lead yellow is chrome yellow (lead chromate); Kron zinc lemon is zinc yellow (zinc chromate).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs chrome yellow lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly moderately: 6 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. Over decades it can darken and turn brownish, as in some Van Gogh paintings.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43237306368247,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43237306401015,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/kron-lead-yellow_9e5ce85f-aa77-40df-b967-f817db256611.jpg?v=1793366979"},{"product_id":"kron-zinc-lemon","title":"Kron zinc lemon","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKron zinc lemon\u003c\/strong\u003e is zinc yellow, a synthetic zinc potassium chromate pigment powder (PY36) with a bright, cool lemon-yellow color. Kron is the Russian trade name for chromate yellows. Its main industrial use is in anticorrosive metal primers; in artists' paints it gives clean lemon yellows and greens but is less permanent than cadmium yellows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright, cool lemon yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (zinc chromate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY36 (C.I. 77955)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e zinc potassium chromate, K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO·4ZnO·4CrO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e·3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e zinc yellow, zinc chromate, citron yellow, buttercup yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent; it covers less than chrome yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale; can turn greenish or brown with age\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e dissolves in hydrochloric and nitric acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the light powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic; wear gloves, as chromates can cause skin allergy. It gives clean lemon yellows and, with blues, bright greens. Keep it away from acids. Because it can dull and turn greenish or brown over time, Cadmium yellow light is the more permanent choice for lasting work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout zinc yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZinc yellow was introduced as an artists' color in 1847, but its main use became anticorrosive primers for iron and aluminum; US military aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s were widely coated with it. Georges Seurat used it in A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, where its bright yellows have turned a dull ochre-brown, a change noted as early as 1892.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains zinc chromate (hexavalent chromium): may cause cancer and allergic skin reactions, and is harmful if swallowed. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between Kron zinc lemon and Kron lead yellow?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKron zinc lemon is zinc chromate: a cooler lemon yellow with less covering power. Kron lead yellow is lead chromate: warmer, more opaque and also a lead compound. Both are chromates and both can darken with age.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Kron zinc lemon lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly moderately: 5 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. With age it can turn greenish or brown, as in Seurat's La Grande Jatte.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43243741708535,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243741741303,"sku":"","price":170.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/kron-zinc-lemon_d65904ac-01a6-44e7-8247-4fce3facc6e0.jpg?v=1793366967"},{"product_id":"lead-tin-pale-yellow","title":"Lead-tin (pale yellow)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead-tin (pale yellow)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic lead-tin yellow pigment powder, lead stannate (type I), in a pale ivory-yellow shade. Lead-tin yellow was a key opaque yellow of European painting from about 1300 to 1750; it gives soft, very lightfast yellows in oil and egg tempera, the media in which the old masters used it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e pale ivory yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e C.I. 77629\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead stannate, Pb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e (lead-tin yellow type I)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead-tin yellow, lead stannate, giallolino, giallorino\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best); darkens with hydrogen sulfide and sulfides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it with a glass muller into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium. It covers well and suits highlights, draperies and light passages, as in old master painting. Keep it apart from sulfide pigments such as orpiment, realgar and cinnabar, which can darken it. Wipe tools with damp paper rather than rinsing the powder down the sink.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout lead-tin yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLead-tin yellow appears in paintings from around 1300, was used most in the 15th to 17th centuries and vanished around 1750. Because old names such as giallorino and massicot were also used for other yellows, it was forgotten until the German scientist Richard Jakobi rediscovered it in 1941. Vermeer painted the yellow tunic of The Milkmaid with it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead (lead stannate): toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs lead-tin yellow the same as Naples yellow?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Lead-tin yellow is lead stannate, used from about 1300 to 1750; Naples yellow is lead antimonate, most popular in painting from about 1750 to 1850. Both contain lead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs lead-tin yellow lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale; it darkens only through contact with sulfides or hydrogen sulfide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43249365090551,"sku":"","price":16.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43249365123319,"sku":"","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/lead-tin-pale-yellow_5745a6f8-034b-49da-a6a0-557fd09a6f4b.jpg?v=1793367005"},{"product_id":"lithopone","title":"Lithopone","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithopone\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic white pigment made by precipitating zinc sulfide together with barium sulfate, roughly 30% and 70%. It is a dense, opaque white with low oil absorption, long used in interior paints and pastels. It contains no lead and is considered practically non-toxic because it is extremely insoluble.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e white to slightly grayish white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PW5 (C.I. 77115)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, ZnS + BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e (about 30% \/ 70%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Orr's white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale; untreated lithopone can gray in direct sunlight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 2\/5 (5 = best); acids release hydrogen sulfide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster, ceramics, pastel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStir it into acrylic medium or gum arabic, mull it with oil, or mix it into lime and cement plasters; it is also a traditional white for pastels. With an oil absorption of only about 10 to 16 g per 100 g it gives a dense paint with little oil. It is best suited to indoor work: for exterior or brightly lit surfaces, test a sample in sunlight first. Keep it away from acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout lithopone\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLithopone appeared in the 1870s; in Britain it was first produced in 1874 and sold as Orr's white. Its zinc sulfide could gray in sunlight, a weakness later reduced by doping it with cobalt salts. Its use peaked around 1920, and it is still used in paints, putty and plastics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContact with acids releases hydrogen sulfide gas (rotten-egg smell). Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs lithopone lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. Early lithopone could gray in direct sunlight because of its zinc sulfide, so use it indoors or test it first for outdoor work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLithopone or titanium white?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitanium white covers and tints more strongly than any other white. Lithopone is a milder, lead-free white suited to pastels, plasters and interior paints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs lithopone toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is considered practically non-toxic because it is extremely insoluble. Still avoid the dust and never mix it with acids, which release hydrogen sulfide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243787550967,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243787583735,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/lithopone_e390eec2-cbc6-48f3-ad0b-2ba375a5f79e.jpg?v=1793366958"},{"product_id":"malachite-azure","title":"Malachite azure","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMalachite azure\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic green pigment powder: basic copper carbonate, the same compound as natural malachite, made chemically. Its color is a bright bluish green close to dioptase, hence the azure in the name. It is a lightfast traditional copper green for egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and acrylic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright bluish green (emerald to dioptase green); finer grinding makes it lighter and duller\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (basic copper carbonate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG39\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e basic copper carbonate, Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e(OH)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e green verditer, synthetic malachite\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); dissolves in acids (it is a carbonate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into your binder with a palette knife or a few light strokes of the muller: egg yolk for tempera, gum arabic for watercolor and gouache, or acrylic medium. Avoid heavy grinding, which makes the color lighter and duller. The paint is semi-transparent, so build the green in layers or use it over a light ground. Keep it away from acids, heat and sulfur-containing pigments, which darken copper carbonates, and store it dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout synthetic malachite\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSynthetic basic copper carbonate has a long history. As green verditer it was first made in the 16th century as a by-product of silver refining, and in the 18th and 19th centuries it was widely used in wallpapers and distemper house paints. Historic green verditer forms small rounded particles, which lets conservators tell it from ground malachite under the microscope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains copper compounds: harmful if swallowed. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Malachite azure natural malachite?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is synthetic basic copper carbonate, chemically the same as malachite but made rather than mined. For the natural mineral, choose our Malachite or Malachite crystal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. Like all copper carbonates it is sensitive to acids, heat and sulfur fumes rather than to light.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":50108426191095,"sku":null,"price":7.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":50108426223863,"sku":null,"price":140.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/malachite-azure_cf89dd2f-de8e-4c9c-bfd9-56baaeb5fbfc.jpg?v=1793366768"},{"product_id":"massicot","title":"Massicot","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMassicot\u003c\/strong\u003e is a yellow lead oxide pigment powder: lead(II) oxide, PbO, in its yellow orthorhombic form (PY46). It gives a pale, creamy, opaque yellow for oil and egg tempera, and like other lead compounds it speeds up the drying of oil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e pale, creamy yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY46 (C.I. 77577)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead(II) oxide, PbO (yellow orthorhombic form)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead monoxide, Flemish yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e dissolves in acids and in strong alkalis; grays or darkens in sulfur fumes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e fresco (lead pigments tend to blacken in wall paintings)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a glass muller. In oil it acts as a drier, so the paint sets faster than usual. Keep it apart from sulfide pigments such as orpiment, realgar and cinnabar, since sulfur darkens lead colors, and protect finished work with a binder film or varnish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout massicot\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYellow lead monoxide is one of the oldest manufactured yellows and has been found at predynastic sites in Egypt. It forms when lead or lead white is heated in air, and by controlled heating and cooling it can be switched between yellow massicot and red litharge. Old texts also used the name massicot for lead-tin yellow, a different pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead (lead oxide): toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs massicot a natural pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMassicot also exists as a natural mineral, but only in small quantities. Pigment-grade yellow lead oxide is manufactured by heating lead or lead compounds, so it is a synthetic pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between massicot and lead-tin yellow?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMassicot is lead oxide alone; lead-tin yellow is lead stannate, made by heating lead and tin oxides together. Lead-tin yellow was far more widely used by the old masters.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243861999863,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243862032631,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/massicot_c7366c32-7d7c-40df-9c28-340340a32f65.jpg?v=1793366938"},{"product_id":"minium-surik-lead","title":"Minium (Surik) lead","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinium (Surik) lead\u003c\/strong\u003e is red lead, a synthetic orange-red pigment powder of lead(II,IV) oxide, Pb\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e; surik is its Russian name. It gives a bright, warm, opaque orange-red, known from the initials of medieval manuscripts and from Persian and Indian miniatures, and is used today in oil and egg tempera.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright orange-red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR105 (C.I. 77578)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead(II,IV) oxide (lead tetroxide), Pb\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e red lead, minium, Saturn red, orange lead, surik\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e limited: it can darken on long exposure to light and polluted air, especially in watercolor and wall painting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e discolored by acids and hydrogen sulfide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e watercolor and fresco (it tends to darken)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it into linseed oil, egg yolk or acrylic medium with a glass muller. In oil it reacts with the binder and can thicken quickly, so mix only as much paint as you need. Keep it apart from sulfide pigments such as orpiment and away from acids. For the most stable color, use it in oil or protect it with varnish.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout minium\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRed lead is made by roasting lead white or lead oxide in air and has been produced since antiquity. Pliny the Elder tells that burnt ceruse was discovered by accident when jars of lead white burned in a fire at Piraeus, and that the painter Nicias was the first to use it. Medieval scribes painted initials with minium: the Latin miniare, to paint with minium, gave us the word miniature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead (lead oxide): toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs minium the same as cinnabar or vermilion?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Minium is lead oxide, while cinnabar and vermilion are mercury sulfide. In Roman times the word minium could mean either, which is why the names are often confused.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs red lead lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot fully. It is best in oil or egg tempera; in watercolor and wall painting it tends to darken, and long exposure to light and polluted air can discolor it.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243875762423,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243875795191,"sku":"","price":105.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/minium-surik-lead_431b5097-f6a8-4b79-ae35-d3578edd4a54.jpg?v=1793366933"},{"product_id":"naples-green","title":"Naples green","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNaples green\u003c\/strong\u003e is a lead-free mixed pigment powder: phthalocyanine green (PG7), a synthetic organic pigment, on a white silica base. It gives a soft, light, opaque green that is lightfast and resists alkalis, lime and acids, for acrylic, oil, tempera, watercolor and gouache, and for tinting lime and cement plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft light green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (phthalocyanine green on a silica base)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG7 + PW27 (blend)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e chlorinated copper phthalocyanine green on silicon dioxide (silica), SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into acrylic medium, linseed oil, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or muller. The green is already let down with white silica, so it gives a ready-mixed soft green: use it as it is for pale greens, or deepen it with a darker green. It resists alkalis and lime, so it can also tint lime plaster and concrete. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Naples green\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNaples green is a trade name: Naples yellow, the best-known pigment named after Naples, is lead antimonate, but this green contains no lead. Its color comes from phthalocyanine green, a complex of copper with chlorinated phthalocyanine (Colour Index PG7, C.I. 74260). It is a highly stable synthetic pigment that resists light, heat, acids, alkalis and solvents, and it is used in artists' oil and acrylic paints, inks and plastics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes Naples green contain lead?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Naples yellow is a lead antimonate, but our Naples green is a lead-free blend of phthalocyanine green and silica.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Naples green lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and phthalocyanine green is known as a highly light- and chemical-resistant pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan it tint lime plaster or concrete?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It suits plaster and concrete and is rated 5 of 5 for alkali and lime resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243894178039,"sku":"","price":10.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243894210807,"sku":"","price":190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/naples-green_945211d8-4b92-4ace-9bbc-c2fdcf0e4401.jpg?v=1793366924"},{"product_id":"naples-yellow-light","title":"Naples yellow light","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNaples yellow light\u003c\/strong\u003e is genuine Naples yellow, a synthetic lead antimonate pigment powder (PY41), here in a pale, soft, warm yellow. One of the oldest synthetic pigments, it covers well and gives gentle, opaque yellows and pale warm tints in oil, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache, and it is also used in ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e pale, soft warm yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead antimonate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY41 (C.I. 77588, 77589)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead antimonate, Pb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e, with zinc oxide, ZnO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead antimonate yellow, antimony yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6–7 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); discolored by hydrogen sulfide and by contact with iron\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the powder with a little binder before mulling to keep dust down, then mull it with a glass muller into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium. Use a glass, horn or plastic knife rather than steel: contact with iron can discolor it. It dries fairly quickly in oil and speeds up the drying of mixtures. Keep it apart from sulfide pigments, which darken lead colors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Naples yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLead antimonate yellow is one of the oldest synthetic pigments: it colored glass and glazes in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 16th to 14th centuries BC, and Italian potters used it in maiolica glazes from the early 1500s. In painting it was most popular in Europe from about 1750 to 1850. The name, first recorded in the late 17th century, refers to Naples; the old idea that it came from Mount Vesuvius is a misconception.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead (lead antimonate): toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs this real Naples yellow or a hue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReal: it is lead antimonate (PY41) with zinc oxide, not a lead-free mixture of other pigments. That is why it carries a lead warning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between Naples yellow light and Naples yellow medium?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are the same lead antimonate pigment. The light shade is paler and cooler; Naples yellow medium is a deeper, warmer golden yellow.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243886477559,"sku":"","price":14.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243886510327,"sku":"","price":260.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/naples-yellow-light_26fde2ba-2223-44a2-a0ee-2487e5f9fd52.jpg?v=1793366928"},{"product_id":"phthalo-emerald-green","title":"Phthalo Emerald green","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhthalo Emerald green\u003c\/strong\u003e is a modern emerald green pigment powder: phthalocyanine green (PG7) extended with barium sulfate (PW21). It gives a bright, cool green and covers better than pure phthalo green. Unlike the historic emerald green, it contains no arsenic. Use it in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco and plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright, cool emerald green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (phthalocyanine green on barium sulfate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG7 (C.I. 74260) + PW21 (C.I. 77120)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e chlorinated copper phthalocyanine with barium sulfate (blanc fixe), BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or muller; for fresco and plaster, disperse it in water. Pure phthalocyanine green is a very strong, staining colorant; here it is extended with barium sulfate, which moderates its strength and makes the paint more covering, especially in watercolor and gouache. Add it to mixtures in small amounts and clean brushes promptly, as it stains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout phthalo emerald green\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe historic emerald green, also called Schweinfurt or Paris green, was copper acetoarsenite. Paint makers Wilhelm Sattler and Friedrich Russ invented it in Schweinfurt, Germany, in 1814, and it is extremely toxic because of its arsenic. This pigment shares only the name and hue: its color comes from phthalocyanine green, a modern synthetic pigment that is highly stable to light, alkalis and acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes Phthalo Emerald green contain arsenic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is phthalocyanine green (PG7) with barium sulfate (PW21). Only the historic emerald green, copper acetoarsenite (PG21), contained arsenic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is it different from viridian?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eViridian is a transparent inorganic chromium oxide green rated 8 of 8 for lightfastness. Phthalo Emerald green is an organic phthalocyanine green on a barium sulfate base: stronger, more covering, rated 6 of 8.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43250019533047,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43250019565815,"sku":"","price":105.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/phthalo-emerald-green_51b23a57-cdcf-4ba9-a013-8a5cc2ae0ca6.jpg?v=1793366764"},{"product_id":"prussian-blue","title":"Prussian blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrussian blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, iron hexacyanoferrate, first made in Berlin in the early 1700s: the first modern synthetic pigment. Also called Berlin or Paris blue, it is an intense, deep greenish blue with very high tinting strength, for oil, watercolor, gouache and tempera, but never for lime.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e very deep greenish blue, almost black in masstone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron cyanide complex)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB27 (C.I. 77510)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II), Fe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e[Fe(CN)\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e]\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e·xH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (may also contain potassium or ammonium)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berlin blue, Paris blue, iron blue, Milori blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e transparent in thin layers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e acid 5\/5, alkali 1\/5, lime 1\/5 (5 = best): alkalis turn it brown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic (test your medium first), egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e fresco, lime and cement plaster, silicate and alkaline emulsion paints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse it sparingly: its tinting strength is very high. Mull it thoroughly, because the dry pigment forms hard aggregates and needs a fair amount of oil; it also binds in gum arabic, egg yolk or acrylic medium (test your acrylic first). Never mix it with lime, chalk or other alkaline materials, which turn it brown. Pale mixtures with much white can fade in strong light and recover in the dark. Store it dry, as damp spoils it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Prussian blue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrussian blue was made by accident in Berlin around 1704–1706, when the color maker Johann Jacob Diesbach was trying to prepare a red. It was first described in print in 1710, its recipe was published in 1724, and by 1800 it was in common use. Hokusai used it prominently in his Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo not heat it or mix it with strong acids: this can release toxic hydrogen cyanide. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use Prussian blue in fresco or lime plaster?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Alkalis decompose it into brown iron hydroxide (alkali 1\/5, lime 1\/5), so it is unsuitable for fresco, lime, cement and silicate paints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Prussian blue toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts toxicity is low: the cyanide groups are tightly bound to iron, and a pharmaceutical grade is even used as a medicine. But heating it or mixing it with strong acids can release toxic hydrogen cyanide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43243929567479,"sku":"","price":6.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243929600247,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/prussian-blue_4a44f496-71b3-4d56-9118-948c0794534d.jpg?v=1793366908"},{"product_id":"titanium-dioxide-white","title":"Titanium dioxide (white)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitanium dioxide (white)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic white pigment of titanium dioxide, the white with the highest hiding power and tinting strength available to painters. It is chemically inert, fully lightfast and lime-proof, and it works in almost every medium: acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco, ceramics and oil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright, clean white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PW6 (C.I. 77891)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e titanium dioxide, TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e titanium white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque; the most covering white pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStir it into acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic, mix it with water for fresco, or mull it with linseed or safflower oil. It also suits silicate paints and wood finishes. Its tinting strength is very high, so add it in small amounts: too much quickly makes mixtures pale and chalky. In mixtures with light-sensitive organic colors, such as natural lakes, titanium dioxide can speed up their fading.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout titanium white\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitanium dioxide occurs in nature as the minerals rutile, anatase and brookite, but pigment grades are manufactured. The pigment was developed in the 1910s, independently in Norway and the United States, and the two companies pooled their patents in 1920. By the late 1920s titanium and zinc whites had replaced lead white as the dominant whites on the market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIARC rates inhaled titanium dioxide dust as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B); in the EU it is no longer classified as a carcinogen, because the EU General Court annulled that classification in 2022 and the Court of Justice upheld the ruling in 2025. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTitanium white or zinc white?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitanium white covers most strongly and gives the brightest whites. Zinc white is cooler and more transparent, which suits clean tints and glazes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use titanium dioxide in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It resists lime (5 of 5) and is one of the whites used in fresco besides lime white.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs titanium dioxide toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has low toxicity. The main concern is breathing the fine dust, which IARC rates as possibly carcinogenic, so wear a dust mask when handling the powder.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43253009285367,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43253009318135,"sku":"","price":105.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/titanium-dioxide-white_c0b5c36a-c2e2-4f96-bcbd-3970550f10ff.jpg?v=1793367001"},{"product_id":"ultramarine-blue","title":"Ultramarine blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltramarine blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder: a sodium aluminosilicate colored by sulfur, the man-made form of lazurite, the blue mineral of lapis lazuli. Also called French ultramarine, it gives a deep blue with a violet undertone that is lightfast and resists lime, for oil, watercolor, gouache, egg tempera, acrylic and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep, intense blue with a violet undertone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (ultramarine)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB29 (C.I. 77007)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e sodium aluminosilicate containing polysulfide ions, approx. Na\u003csub\u003e8–10\u003c\/sub\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eSi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e2–4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e French ultramarine, synthetic ultramarine, Guimet's blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent; glazes in oil\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); not acid-resistant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 40 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into your binder with a palette knife or muller: linseed oil, gum arabic for watercolor and gouache, egg yolk for tempera, or acrylic medium. It takes a fair amount of oil but dries well, glazes in oil and gives clean washes in watercolor. For fresco and lime plaster, test a sample in your lime first. Keep it away from acids, which destroy the blue. Store it dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout ultramarine\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltramarine was originally extracted from lapis lazuli. In 1824 a French society offered a 6,000-franc prize for an artificial version; Jean-Baptiste Guimet won it in 1828, and Christian Gmelin in Tübingen published a similar method the same year. By about 1830 synthetic ultramarine was made industrially, at a fraction of the price of ultramarine from lapis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContact with acids releases hydrogen sulfide gas (rotten-egg smell). Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs ultramarine blue lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. Its weak point is acids, not light: even dilute acids decompose it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use ultramarine blue in fresco and lime plaster?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It resists alkalis and lime (lime 5\/5) and is listed for fresco, lime plaster and cement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is it different from lapis lazuli pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth owe their color to the same sulfur-containing sodium aluminosilicate, lazurite. Lapis lazuli pigment is ground from the natural rock with other minerals; ultramarine blue is the synthetic compound, made since 1828 and far less expensive.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"40g","offer_id":43253019771127,"sku":"","price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43253019803895,"sku":"","price":130.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/ultramarine-blue_11e827e1-778b-4fdd-a9df-32730a78f3e6.jpg?v=1793366996"},{"product_id":"ultramarine-pink","title":"Ultramarine pink","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltramarine pink\u003c\/strong\u003e is a mixed pigment powder: a white barium sulfate (barite) base tinted with quinacridone pink, a synthetic organic colorant. Despite its name it is not a true ultramarine. It gives a soft, opaque rose pink for acrylic, oil, tempera, watercolor and gouache, and for tinting lime and cement plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft rose pink\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (quinacridone pink on a barium sulfate base)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e barium sulfate (barite white), BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, tinted with quinacridone pink\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStir or mull the powder into acrylic medium, gum arabic, egg yolk or linseed oil with a palette knife. The pink is already let down with white, so it gives pale, soft pinks directly; for deeper pinks choose a stronger red instead. Its lightfastness is rated 4 of 8, so use it where finished work is protected from strong direct sunlight. It is rated 5 of 5 for alkali and lime resistance and can tint lime plaster and concrete. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout ultramarine pink\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenuine ultramarine pink, Colour Index PR259, belongs to the synthetic ultramarine family: a sodium aluminosilicate whose pink color comes from sulfur species in its crystal lattice. Our Ultramarine pink is a different, simpler product: barite white tinted with quinacridone, a modern synthetic organic pigment. Ultramarine pink is its trade name.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs this a genuine ultramarine pink (PR259)?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a mixed pigment: barium sulfate white tinted with quinacridone pink. Genuine ultramarine pink, PR259, is a sulfur-containing aluminosilicate of the ultramarine family.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Ultramarine pink lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerately. It is rated 4 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, so it suits work kept out of strong direct sunlight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan it tint lime plaster or concrete?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It suits plaster and concrete and is rated 5 of 5 for alkali and lime resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43243972165879,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243972198647,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/ultramarine-pink_824c05f3-ba79-44aa-8673-84399cb764ae.jpg?v=1793366900"},{"product_id":"ultramarine-yellow","title":"Ultramarine yellow","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltramarine yellow\u003c\/strong\u003e is a pale lemon-yellow pigment powder for oil, acrylic, egg tempera and watercolor. It gives delicate, cool yellow tints and glazes. Despite its name, it is a yellow pigment and not a kind of ultramarine blue. Read the safety notes before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e pale lemon yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e yellow ultramarine, barite yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent (glazing)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWear gloves and a mask. Wet the powder with a little binder to keep dust down, then mull it into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or glass muller. It suits light, cool yellow tints, glazes over a white ground and soft greens mixed with blues. Make a test swatch in your medium first and never sand dried paint. Wipe brushes and palettes with paper before washing them, and do not pour residues down the drain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout ultramarine yellow\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltramarine means \"beyond the sea\": the name was first given to the blue made from lapis lazuli, which was imported to Europe from overseas, from mines in Afghanistan. \"Ultramarine yellow\" is an old paint-trade name for a pale lemon yellow. Despite the name, it is a different pigment from ultramarine blue, and its color and handling have nothing in common with it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreat it as a potentially toxic pigment: never sand dried paint, and never pour residues or wash water into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it related to ultramarine blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Ultramarine yellow is a historical trade name for a pale lemon yellow; it is a different pigment from ultramarine blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is ultramarine yellow good for?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDelicate, cool yellow tints, glazes over a white ground and soft green mixtures with blues in oil, acrylic, egg tempera and watercolor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it safe to use?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreat it as potentially toxic: wear gloves and a mask, avoid raising dust, and keep it away from children and pets.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":43243950014711,"sku":"","price":6.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43243950047479,"sku":"","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/ultramarine-yellow_24451b5d-c9f5-43e7-9e48-b93922c1dc2d.jpg?v=1793366904"},{"product_id":"white-lead","title":"White Lead","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhite Lead\u003c\/strong\u003e is basic lead carbonate, the historic synthetic white pigment powder also known as lead white or flake white. It was the most important white of European painting until the end of the 19th century and is valued in oil painting and restoration for its dense, opaque body and fast drying.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (lead pigment)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PW1 (C.I. 77597)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e·Pb(OH)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e lead white, flake white, Cremnitz white, ceruse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e dissolves in acids (it is a carbonate); blackens with hydrogen sulfide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e watercolor (it can turn black); fresco and wall painting (it can darken)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdd linseed oil to the powder gently and mull it as a paste with a glass muller; never dry-grind it, to avoid raising dust. It needs relatively little oil, dries quickly and makes a dense, opaque paint. Sealed in a drying-oil film it lasts for centuries, but unprotected in water-based paint it blackens from sulfur compounds in the air. Keep it apart from sulfide pigments such as vermilion and orpiment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout lead white\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLead white is among the oldest synthetic pigments: Theophrastus described it in the 4th century BC. From antiquity it was made by exposing lead to vinegar vapor in clay pots; in the 17th-century Dutch stack process the pots were stacked in fermenting manure, which supplied heat and carbon dioxide. In the 20th century the less toxic zinc and titanium whites replaced it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains lead (basic lead carbonate): toxic if swallowed or inhaled, may damage the unborn child and is suspected of damaging fertility, and may cause organ damage through prolonged or repeated exposure. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy choose white lead over titanium white?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor its handling in oil: it needs little oil, dries quickly and was the white of European painting for centuries, so restorers use it to match historic paint. Titanium white is far less toxic and the better choice for everyday painting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use white lead in watercolor or fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. In watercolor it can turn black from sulfur compounds in the air, and it is not suitable for true fresco. Use it in oil.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43253096317175,"sku":"","price":17.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43253096349943,"sku":"","price":310.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/white-lead_506994c7-f934-4add-b94d-8c75944956c0.jpg?v=1793366878"},{"product_id":"zinc-oxide-white","title":"Zinc oxide (white)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc oxide (white)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic white pigment of pure zinc oxide, known to painters as zinc white or Chinese white. It is a cool, clean white with less hiding power than titanium or lead white, which makes it good for delicate tints, glazes and watercolor. It does not yellow in oil, but used heavily in oil it forms brittle films.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e cool, clean white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PW4 (C.I. 77947)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e zinc oxide, ZnO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e zinc white, Chinese white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-opaque; covers much less than titanium white\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e dissolves in acids and strong alkalis (an amphoteric oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e grounds and thick underlayers in oil painting, where brittle zinc soaps can cause cracking and delamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor watercolor and gouache, mix it with gum arabic: it is the classic Chinese white of watercolor painting. For acrylic and egg tempera, stir it into the medium. In oil it needs more oil than lead white and dries slowly; use it in upper layers and in mixtures rather than in grounds, and consider blending it with titanium white. Zinc ions can make PVA dispersions coagulate, so test it before using such binders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout zinc white\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZinc oxide was first tried as a pigment in Dijon around 1780, and Guyton de Morveau's report of 1782 drew attention to it. Winsor \u0026amp; Newton promoted it as a watercolor called Chinese white in the 1830s, and E. C. Leclaire began industrial production of zinc white in France in 1845. Its brittleness in oil troubled some 19th-century painters, including the Pre-Raphaelites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZinc oxide is very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects: do not pour residues or wash water into drains. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs zinc white good for oil painting?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes, in moderation. It gives clean, non-yellowing tints, but pure zinc white can form brittle films that crack, so avoid it in grounds and thick underlayers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between zinc white and titanium white?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZinc white is cooler and more transparent; titanium white is far more opaque, with much stronger tinting power. Choose zinc for tints and glazes, titanium for covering whites.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":43253100511479,"sku":"","price":4.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":43253100544247,"sku":"","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/zinc-oxide-white_31378b2c-bbbf-4544-803b-6901fbd6a63c.jpg?v=1793366874"},{"product_id":"perylene-burgundy","title":"Perylene Burgundy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerylene Burgundy\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic organic pigment powder, perylene maroon (PR179): a deep, slightly muted burgundy red. It is very lightfast, strongly staining and intense, and is often used as a modern substitute for alizarin crimson in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep burgundy (dull violet-red)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic organic pigment (perylene)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR179 (C.I. 71130)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e N,N′-dimethyl perylene diimide, C\u003csub\u003e26\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e perylene maroon, perylene bordeaux\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 4\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWet the light powder with a few drops of binder, then mull it into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a muller or palette knife until smooth. Perylene maroon is strongly staining with high tinting strength, so add it to mixtures little by little. Thin layers give deep, transparent burgundy glazes for shadows and rich reds. Keep the jar closed: organic pigment powders are light and spread easily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout perylene burgundy\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerylene dyes, a group of red and violet synthetic vat dyes, were discovered around 1912, and perylene has been used as an artists' pigment since 1957. Perylene maroon is made from perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride and methylamine. Although it is sometimes sold as \"anthraquinone\" or \"alizarin\", it is a different compound from alizarin, the madder dye first synthesized by Graebe and Liebermann in 1868.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Perylene Burgundy the same as alizarin crimson?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. Alizarin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone, originally the dye of madder root; Perylene Burgundy is a perylene pigment (PR179). It is often used as a substitute for alizarin crimson, though not the exact shade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Perylene Burgundy lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and references rate PR179 ASTM I (excellent).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":44071625982199,"sku":null,"price":6.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":44071626014967,"sku":null,"price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/perylene-burgundy_a5e4e6df-bcfa-49a8-afd7-87c64e75e02f.jpg?v=1793366843"},{"product_id":"ultramarine-violet","title":"Ultramarine violet","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltramarine violet\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder made by heating ultramarine blue with ammonium chloride, which removes part of its sodium and sulfur and turns the color violet. It gives a deep, muted blue-violet with weak tinting strength, is lightfast and alkali-resistant, and suits oil, watercolor, gouache, tempera, acrylic and lime painting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep, muted blue-violet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (ultramarine)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PV15 (C.I. 77007)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e sodium aluminosilicate containing sulfur (polysulfide) ions, made from ultramarine blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); not acid-resistant: acids decompose it\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDisperse it with a palette knife or muller in linseed oil, gum arabic, egg yolk or acrylic medium. Its tinting strength is weak, so it is best for glazes and delicate violet tints rather than strong mixtures. In oil it dries quite slowly into a hard, flexible film. It mixes well with earth pigments. For lime and fresco, mix it with the lime just before use: long storage in wet lime can fade it. Keep it away from acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout ultramarine violet\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltramarine violet belongs to the synthetic ultramarine family that began with Guimet's blue in 1828. It is made by heating ultramarine blue with ammonium chloride at about 200–250 °C in air. It is heat-stable up to 260 °C; above about 400 °C in air ultramarines can react and release sulfur dioxide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContact with acids releases hydrogen sulfide gas (rotten-egg smell). Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs ultramarine violet lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and reference sources describe it as lightfast. Like all ultramarines it is sensitive to acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use ultramarine violet in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes, with care. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime resistance and is color-stable in lime once dry, but mix it with the lime shortly before use, since long storage in wet lime can fade it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does it differ from ultramarine blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is the same sulfur-containing aluminosilicate, heat-treated to a violet. It has much weaker tinting strength than the blue and is used for soft violets, glazes and tints.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":44071670481143,"sku":null,"price":6.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":44071670513911,"sku":null,"price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/ultramarine-violet_f7d9011d-2bcb-4fc4-bd0e-56180817a057.jpg?v=1793366834"},{"product_id":"cobalt-violet","title":"Cobalt Violet","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt Violet\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder: a cobalt borate, not the arsenic-based cobalt violet of the past. It gives a bright violet with good covering power and is valued for its permanence in acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e bright violet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt borate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt zinc borate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint onto fresh lime plaster. These are the recommended media; oil is not among them, so test it before using it in oil paint. Like other cobalt violets it has modest tinting strength, so it is most vivid used pure or lightened only a little. Keep the jar closed and dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt violet\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first cobalt violets were made in the 19th century: cobalt phosphate was first prepared in 1859, and a cobalt arsenate version produced from 1880 was permanent but extremely poisonous. Today cobalt violets are made as phosphates or borates; cobalt magnesium borate, for example, is registered as Pigment Violet 48. Our pigment is a cobalt borate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes this cobalt violet contain arsenic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo arsenic is declared. Ours is a cobalt zinc borate; the arsenic-containing cobalt violet (cobalt arsenate) is a historic pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs cobalt violet lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale and 5 of 5 for alkali, lime and acid resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Colibri Pigments","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":49103001485559,"sku":"","price":33.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":49103001518327,"sku":"","price":590.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-violet_8f676d7d-136a-49b1-be18-98b4a45a1798.jpg?v=1793366831"},{"product_id":"mars-yellow-transparent","title":"Mars yellow transparent","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMars yellow transparent\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic yellow iron oxide pigment powder (PY42) made of extremely fine particles, so it glazes rather than covers. It gives a clear golden yellow in thin layers and is used for glazes, transparent watercolor washes and warm golden underlayers in oil and acrylic.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e golden yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (transparent iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PY42 (C.I. 77492)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH), as nanometer-size needles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e transparent yellow iron oxide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics or heating above about 180 °C: it loses water and turns red\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIts particles are so small that they cluster together, so it takes longer to disperse than ordinary pigments. Mull it thoroughly with a glass muller, adding oil, acrylic medium or gum arabic a little at a time, until no specks remain. Glaze it thinly over a light ground or a dry layer: several thin glazes give a richer gold than one thick coat. Store the jar tightly closed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout Mars yellow transparent\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransparent yellow iron oxide is made by precipitation and oxidation under conditions that keep its needle-shaped crystals tiny, typically under 20 nm wide and 150 nm long. At that size the particles stop scattering light, so the paint layer stays clear. Heated, it turns into transparent red iron oxide, the same type of pigment as our Mars red transparent. In industry it colors wood finishes, where it also absorbs UV light.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eHow is it different from Mars yellow?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are synthetic yellow iron oxide, PY42. Mars yellow covers; Mars yellow transparent has far smaller particles that let light through, so it is made for glazing.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhy does it take longer to mix?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNanometer-size particles stick together in clusters. Thorough mulling breaks them up and brings out the full transparency and color.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, and transparent iron oxides are known for excellent permanence.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Colibri Pigments","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":49339996111095,"sku":"","price":12.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":49339996143863,"sku":"","price":230.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/mars-yellow-transparent_fedb569b-676d-4a27-956d-7e1a89152d17.jpg?v=1793366826"},{"product_id":"cobalt-chrome-sea-wave","title":"Cobalt Chrome Sea Wave","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt Chrome Sea Wave\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt chromite blue-green spinel, Co(Al,Cr)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e (PB36). The name \"sea wave\" describes its light turquoise blue-green. It is very lightfast and resistant to heat, acids, alkalis and lime, for oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e light turquoise blue-green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (mixed metal oxide spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB36 (C.I. 77343)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt chromite aluminate, Co(Al,Cr)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt chromite blue, cobalt turquoise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it with a palette knife or muller into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic. Its tinting strength is moderate, and with white it gives clean turquoise tints. It keeps its color in lime and suits fresco and silicate binders; it is heat-resistant up to 1000 °C. Store it dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout Cobalt Chrome Sea Wave\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt chromite blue-green is a modern mixed metal oxide pigment, made by calcining cobalt(II), chromium(III) and aluminum oxides above 1350 °C into a spinel crystal; zinc, magnesium, silicon, titanium or zirconium oxides may be added to adjust the shade. Paint makers sometimes sell PB36 as cerulean blue or cobalt turquoise, but genuine cerulean is cobalt stannate, PB35.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Cobalt Chrome Sea Wave the same as cerulean blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. It is cobalt chromite (PB36), a greener turquoise. Genuine cerulean is cobalt stannate (PB35), which we sell as Cerulean blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes it contain toxic chromate?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. Its chromium is trivalent, locked in the spinel crystal; it is not a hexavalent chromate. It does contain cobalt, so avoid inhaling the dust.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8, and reference sources give PB36 the top ASTM lightfastness rating, I.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":49301718401271,"sku":null,"price":18.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":49301718434039,"sku":null,"price":660.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-chrome-sea-wave_7b469112-c218-49b2-b41b-b6009d2f2954.jpg?v=1793366822"},{"product_id":"cobalt-pink","title":"Cobalt Pink","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt Pink\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder made of basic cobalt carbonate. It gives a soft, semi-transparent pink and is very lightfast. Use it in acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor and gouache, and keep it away from acids, because carbonates dissolve in them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft pink, semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt carbonate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e basic cobalt carbonate, 2CoCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e·3Co(OH)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e·H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e dissolves in acids (it is a carbonate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acidic binders, grounds or additives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix the powder with acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic using a palette knife or muller, and grind gently until smooth. Being semi-transparent, it works best in glazes and delicate tints over a white ground. Do not combine it with acidic media or additives such as vinegar, which attack carbonates. Because of its cobalt content, mull it wet rather than dry to avoid dust, and store the jar tightly closed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt pink\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt(II) carbonate is naturally pink; in nature it occurs as spherocobaltite, a rare red to pink mineral. Our pigment is made synthetically as basic cobalt carbonate, which is preferred to the anhydrous carbonate for its properties. In pottery, cobalt carbonate is a classic raw material for blue glazes, famously those of Delftware.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt carbonate compounds: harmful if swallowed and may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; cobalt carbonate is classified in the EU as a substance that may cause cancer by inhalation and may damage fertility. Not for use by children or during pregnancy. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Cobalt Pink a natural mineral pigment?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is synthetic basic cobalt carbonate. The natural cobalt carbonate mineral, spherocobaltite, is rare.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Cobalt Pink lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale. Its weak point is acid, not light: as a carbonate it dissolves in acids.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":49301744910583,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":49301744943351,"sku":null,"price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-pink_bf21a72f-7e49-4b06-98dd-6bd821b2561e.jpg?v=1793366818"},{"product_id":"caput-mortuum-violet","title":"Caput Mortuum Violet","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaput Mortuum Violet\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic iron oxide pigment powder (PR101) in a deep reddish violet, made by strongly heating iron sulfate with a little salt. Opaque, lightfast and stable in mixtures, it gives the cool purple-brown of caput mortuum in oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep reddish violet (purple-brown)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (iron oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR101 (C.I. 77491)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e iron(III) oxide, Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, in relatively large crystals of 2–6 µm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mars violet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); stable in weak acids, dissolved by strong mineral acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), ceramics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMix the powder into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller; for fresco, grind it in water and paint into fresh lime plaster. Grind gently: its violet tone comes from relatively large particles, and heavy grinding shifts it toward red. It covers well, so add it to mixtures in small amounts. With white it gives soft mauves; with ultramarine, deep violet shadows.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAbout Caput Mortuum Violet\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRed iron oxides look more violet the larger their particles: around 1–5 µm the color moves from red toward purple. It is made by calcining iron sulfate (copperas) with 3–5% common salt; without salt, the same process gives English red. Its natural counterpart is specular hematite. Violet iron oxides of this kind are also sold as Mars violet.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eHow does it differ from Caput mortuum?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaput Mortuum Violet is a synthetic iron oxide (PR101) with a cooler, more violet tone. Our Caput mortuum is made from natural iron oxides (PR102) and is browner.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast and lime-proof?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 for lightfastness and 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIs it toxic?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo specific hazard is known: iron oxides are considered non-toxic. Like any fine powder, the dust can irritate the eyes and airways, so follow the precautions above.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":49301783675127,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":49301783707895,"sku":null,"price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/caput-mortuum-violet_de561a70-a3ee-46c3-9ada-ba59d3698fd5.jpg?v=1793366813"},{"product_id":"manganese-blue","title":"Manganese Blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManganese Blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder: barium manganate on barium sulfate (BaMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e·BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, PB33). It is a clean, light sky blue with a greenish tone, transparent and weak in tint, used in watercolor, gouache, egg tempera and acrylic. Industrial production of this pigment has ended, so it is now rare.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e clean, light sky blue with a greenish tone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (barium manganate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB33 (C.I. 77112)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e barium manganate(VI) with barium sulfate, BaMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e·BaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5 (5 = best); decomposed by acids\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e linseed oil (the yellowing oil turns it greenish)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBind it with gum arabic for watercolor and gouache, egg yolk for tempera, or acrylic medium, mixing gently with a palette knife. It is transparent with weak tinting strength, so it is easily overpowered in mixtures, and it tends to granulate in watercolor. Avoid linseed oil, which yellows and pushes it toward green. Keep it away from acids, which decompose it. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout manganese blue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManganese blue was made from 1935 both as an artists' pigment and for coloring cement, especially for swimming pools. Production continued until the 1990s and then stopped because of environmental concerns and its toxicity. Most paints sold today as manganese blue are hues, usually based on phthalocyanine blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains manganese and barium compounds: harmful if swallowed or inhaled; dispose of residues as hazardous waste. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs this genuine manganese blue or a hue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is barium manganate on barium sulfate, Colour Index PB33: the composition of genuine manganese blue. Hues sold under this name are usually based on phthalocyanine blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use manganese blue in oil?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is better in watercolor, gouache, tempera and acrylic. Avoid linseed oil, because the yellowing oil shifts the delicate blue toward green.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs manganese blue lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale, but some references describe genuine manganese blue as only moderately lightfast, so keep finished work out of strong sunlight.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":49303046193399,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/manganese-blue_1a0c1204-2507-4504-b8c5-7ff963e6029b.jpg?v=1793366801"},{"product_id":"spinel-blue-pigment","title":"Spinel Blue pigment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpinel Blue pigment\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt zinc aluminate blue spinel, (Co,Zn)Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e (PB72): a zinc-modified, lighter relative of cobalt blue. It gives a soft mid blue, is lightfast and resistant to acids, alkalis and lime, and suits oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft mid blue with a slight violet tinge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt zinc aluminate spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB72 (C.I. 77347)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt zinc aluminate, (Co,Zn)Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e blue spinel, cobalt zinc blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it with a palette knife or muller into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium, and grind gently, as over-grinding dulls cobalt blues. Its tinting strength is moderate, so use it generously in mixtures; in oil it is semi-transparent and suits glazes. It is lime- and alkali-resistant and listed for fresco and silicate binders. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout blue spinel\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpinel is the crystal structure shared by several high-temperature pigments, and cobalt blue (PB28) is the best known of them. Adding zinc oxide to the cobalt aluminate gives a lighter blue, which the Colour Index lists separately as PB72. Like other calcined cobalt spinels it is stable to light, heat and chemicals; it is heat-resistant up to 1000 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between Spinel Blue and Cobalt blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt aluminate spinels. Spinel Blue (PB72) also contains zinc, which makes it lighter; our Cobalt blue (PB28) is a deeper, brighter blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Spinel Blue suitable for fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and suits fresco and silicate binders.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":50022708707575,"sku":null,"price":21.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/spinel-blue-pigment_7a18d09f-9608-4117-86a7-c3f48b64b073.jpg?v=1793366797"},{"product_id":"spinel-pink-pigment","title":"Spinel Pink pigment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpinel Pink\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder (PR235): aluminum, zinc and chromium oxides calcined at high temperature into a pink spinel crystal. It gives a soft, semi-transparent pink with excellent light, lime and acid resistance, and suits oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft pink, semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (chrome alumina spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PR235 (C.I. 77290)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e chrome alumina pink spinel, calcined from aluminum oxide (Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e), zinc oxide (ZnO) and chromium(III) oxide (Cr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e chrome alumina pink, zinc chrome alumina pink\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic with a glass muller or palette knife until the paint is smooth. For fresco, grind it in water and apply it to fresh lime plaster. Its hiding power is moderate and the color soft, so it is best for tints, glazes and delicate pinks rather than strong covering color. Keep the jar closed and dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout spinel pink\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChrome alumina pinks belong to the family of ceramic pigments. A mixture of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and chromium(III) oxide is calcined until the oxides interdiffuse into a cubic spinel crystal, in which chromium produces the pink. The ratio of the oxides varies, which shifts the shade. Locked into a fired oxide crystal, the color resists light, lime and acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs Spinel Pink a natural spinel?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo. It is a synthetic pigment made in a kiln. It has the spinel crystal structure, but it is made from aluminum, zinc and chromium oxides, not from gemstone spinel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use Spinel Pink in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and suits fresco and silicate paints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":50080719143159,"sku":null,"price":21.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/spinel-pink-pigment_f9ff61a2-a7f2-4b1f-a4a2-ecbced687a94.jpg?v=1793366793"},{"product_id":"cobalt-indigo","title":"Cobalt indigo","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt indigo\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt aluminate (CoAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e), in a very dark grade: a deep navy blue that looks almost black in the jar. It is lightfast and resistant to lime, alkalis and acids, and suits oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco, especially for deep shadows and dark glazes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e very deep navy blue, almost black in masstone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt aluminate spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB28 (C.I. 77346)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it into linseed oil, egg yolk, gum arabic or acrylic medium with a palette knife or muller, grinding gently, since over-grinding lowers the saturation of cobalt blues. Use it pure for deep shadows and dark glazes, or mix it with white for cool blues. In thick oil layers kept in dim light, yellowing linseed oil can give it a greenish cast. It is lime-resistant and also listed for fresco and silicate binders. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt indigo\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt aluminate blue was developed by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802 and produced commercially in France from 1807. It is made by calcining cobalt and aluminum oxides at high temperature into a spinel crystal, which makes it one of the most heat- and chemically stable blues; it is heat-resistant up to 1100 °C. The name \"indigo\" describes only the deep color: the pigment contains no indigo dye.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoes Cobalt indigo contain indigo dye?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. The name describes the color only. It is cobalt aluminate (PB28), an inorganic pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does it differ from Cobalt blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt aluminate (PB28). Cobalt indigo is our darkest grade, a navy blue that looks almost black in masstone; Cobalt blue is a brighter, mid-to-deep blue.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":50080767017207,"sku":null,"price":15.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":50080767049975,"sku":null,"price":560.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-indigo_8e8fcc58-04d4-4f8a-8d5f-d20af574ce3f.jpg?v=1793366789"},{"product_id":"cobalt-cornflower-blue","title":"Cobalt cornflower blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCobalt cornflower blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt aluminate modified with zinc and magnesium, (Co,Zn,Mg)Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e. It gives a soft, light cornflower blue that is semi-transparent, lightfast and resistant to acids, alkalis and lime, for watercolor, gouache, tempera, acrylic, oil and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e soft, light cornflower blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt aluminate spinel)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB28 (C.I. 77346)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt zinc magnesium aluminate, (Co,Zn,Mg)Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e semi-transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it with a palette knife or muller into gum arabic, egg yolk, acrylic medium or linseed oil. Like other cobalt blues it has modest tinting strength, so use it generously, and grind it gently, because over-grinding dulls cobalt blues. It gives soft, light blues on its own and is useful for skies and cool tints. It is lime-resistant and also listed for silicate binders. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cobalt cornflower blue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt blue pigments are made by calcining cobalt and aluminum oxides at high temperature, which forms a very stable spinel crystal. Small additions of zinc, magnesium, lithium or titanium oxides shift the shade within the same Colour Index family, PB28; in this grade zinc and magnesium give a lighter, softer blue than our Cobalt blue. The first cobalt aluminate blue was made by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow is Cobalt cornflower blue different from Cobalt blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt aluminate (PB28). Cornflower blue is modified with zinc and magnesium, which makes it lighter and softer; our Cobalt blue is a deeper, brighter blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan I use it in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and suits fresco and silicate binders.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":50080859750647,"sku":null,"price":12.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":50080859783415,"sku":null,"price":230.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cobalt-cornflower-blue_f47ef7bc-a10b-4263-82a4-e554198576a1.jpg?v=1793366785"},{"product_id":"viridian","title":"Viridian","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eViridian\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, hydrated chromium(III) oxide (PG18): a cool, transparent emerald green. It is highly permanent and lime-resistant, prized for brilliant glazes in oil and watercolor, and also suitable for acrylic, egg tempera, gouache, fresco and lime plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e cool emerald green, transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (hydrated chromium oxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PG18 (C.I. 77289)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e hydrated chromium(III) oxide, Cr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e·2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Guignet's green, transparent oxide of chromium, vert émeraude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e transparent\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNot recommended for:\u003c\/strong\u003e ceramics and other high-heat uses (above about 200 °C it loses water and turns into chromium oxide green)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull the powder thoroughly into linseed oil, acrylic medium, egg yolk or gum arabic. Viridian absorbs a lot of oil (about 80–100 g per 100 g), so add oil gradually and use no more than needed to avoid yellowing. Thin layers glaze a brilliant emerald green, thick layers look dark green, and mixtures with white give cool bluish greens. It dries fairly quickly in oil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout viridian\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eViridian was first prepared in Paris in 1838 by the color maker Pannetier and his assistant Binet. In 1859 the French chemist C. E. Guignet patented a cheaper process that made it widely available, hence the name Guignet's green. J. M. W. Turner reportedly used it as early as 1840, and Winsor \u0026amp; Newton listed it in 1849.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eViridian is a chromium(III) compound, far less hazardous than chromates (hexavalent chromium), but pigment grades may contain traces of soluble hexavalent chromium: avoid breathing the dust. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is the difference between viridian and chromium oxide green?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth are chromium(III) oxides. Viridian (PG18) is the hydrated form: transparent, brighter and cooler. Chromium oxide green (PG17) is anhydrous: opaque, duller and more olive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan viridian be used in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance and is recommended for fresco and for lime and cement plaster.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"10g","offer_id":51694551826679,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":51696458170615,"sku":null,"price":1050.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/viridian.jpg?v=1793370210"},{"product_id":"cerulean-blue","title":"Cerulean blue","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCerulean blue\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder, cobalt(II) stannate (Co\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, PB35): genuine cerulean, a clear sky blue with a slight green tone. It is opaque, lightfast and stable to alkalis, lime and weather, and is used in oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco, above all for skies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e clear sky blue with a slight green tone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt stannate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB35 (C.I. 77368)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt(II) stannate, Co\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e, with small amounts of magnesium and aluminum oxides\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e coeruleum, Höpfner blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it with a muller or palette knife into linseed oil, gum arabic, egg yolk or acrylic medium. Cerulean has very low tinting strength but covers well, so it is used mostly on its own or with white for skies and cool light blues rather than as a strong mixing color. In watercolor it can look slightly chalky, which it loses in oil; some painters bind it in poppy oil to keep the blue clean. It is lime-proof and suits fresco, silicate binders and concrete.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cerulean blue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCobalt stannate was first made around 1800 (sources give 1789 and 1805) and became known as Höpfner blue. It entered artists' palettes in the second half of the 19th century, when British colormen sold it as \"coeruleum\", from the Latin caeruleus, \"blue\", related to caelum, \"sky\". It was used mainly for painting skies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs this genuine cerulean blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is cobalt stannate, PB35. Some paints sold as cerulean contain cobalt chromite, PB36, instead; we sell that pigment separately as Cobalt Chrome Sea Wave.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does Cerulean blue differ from Cerulean blue dark?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt stannate (PB35) with the same test data. Cerulean blue is the lighter sky blue; Cerulean blue dark is a deeper azure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCan cerulean be used in fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is lime-proof (lime 5\/5) and suits fresco and other lime techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":51694568276215,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":51696466395383,"sku":null,"price":700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cerulean-blue.jpg?v=1793370255"},{"product_id":"cerulean-blue-dark","title":"Cerulean blue dark","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCerulean blue dark\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic inorganic pigment powder of cobalt(II) stannate (PB35), in a deeper shade than our Cerulean blue. It gives a strong, clear azure blue that is opaque, lightfast and stable to alkalis and lime, for oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolor, gouache and fresco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey facts\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e deep, clear azure blue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePigment type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic inorganic pigment (cobalt stannate)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColour Index:\u003c\/strong\u003e PB35 (C.I. 77368)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e cobalt(II) stannate, Co\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOpacity:\u003c\/strong\u003e opaque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightfastness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical resistance:\u003c\/strong\u003e alkali 5\/5, lime 5\/5, acid 5\/5 (5 = best)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable for:\u003c\/strong\u003e oil, acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache, fresco (lime), lime and cement plaster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25 g jar · 1 kg bag\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMull it into linseed oil, gum arabic, egg yolk or acrylic medium with a muller or palette knife. Like all ceruleans it has low tinting strength but good covering power, so it works best on its own or with white for skies, water and cool lights. Grind it gently. Some painters bind ceruleans in poppy oil to keep the blue clean. It is lime-proof and also suits silicate binders and concrete. Store dry in a closed jar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAbout cerulean blue dark\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCerulean blue is cobalt stannate, first made around 1800 and sold to artists from the second half of the 19th century as \"coeruleum\", a name from the Latin caeruleus, \"blue\". It was used above all for painting skies. This dark grade gives a deeper azure than standard cerulean; both have the same composition and test values.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContains cobalt compounds: may cause allergic skin or respiratory reactions; harmful if inhaled. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2\/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFAQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow does Cerulean blue dark differ from Cerulean blue?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are cobalt stannate (PB35) with identical test data. The dark grade is a deeper, more intense azure; Cerulean blue is a lighter sky blue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIs it lightfast and suitable for fresco?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. It is rated 8 of 8 for lightfastness and 5 of 5 for lime and alkali resistance, and cerulean is a lime-proof pigment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COLIBRI PIGMENTS LLC","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":51694568341751,"sku":null,"price":20.9,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":51696466428151,"sku":null,"price":730.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/files\/cerulean-blue-dark.jpg?v=1793370262"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0643\/6696\/9079\/collections\/Cadmium_red_light_-_2.jpg?v=1652790636","url":"https:\/\/colibripigments.com\/collections\/artificial-pigments.oembed?page=3","provider":"Colibri Pigments","version":"1.0","type":"link"}