Carmine

Carmine is a natural organic red pigment made from carminic acid, the dye of cochineal insects, fixed with aluminum. The concentrated powder looks almost black-purple and gives a deep crimson to raspberry red with a violet tint, transparent in thin layers. Use it in watercolor, gouache, egg tempera and acrylic where intensity matters more than permanence: it is not lightfast.

Key facts

• Color: deep crimson to raspberry red with a violet tint; the dry powder is almost black-purple
• Pigment type: Natural organic pigment (cochineal lake)
• Colour Index: NR4 (C.I. 75470)
• Composition: aluminum complex (lake) of carminic acid
• Origin: cochineal scale insects (Dactylopius coccus) that live on cacti, mainly in South America
• Also known as: cochineal carmine, E120
• Opacity: semi-transparent (glazing)
• Lightfastness: 3 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale (supplier data): a fugitive color
• Chemical resistance: unstable in acidic and alkaline conditions
• Suitable for: acrylic, egg tempera, watercolor, gouache
• Not recommended for: fresco and lime plaster; work that will hang in daylight
• Packaging: 10 g jar · 50 g jar

How to use

Carmine is intense, so start with small amounts. Wet the powder with a few drops of water, then mix it with gum arabic for watercolor and gouache, egg yolk for tempera, or acrylic medium, and apply it in thin glazes over a white ground. Store it dry and tightly closed, and keep it away from lime, ammonia, soda and acids, which change or destroy the color. Display finished work away from direct sunlight.

About carmine

Cochineal was used to dye textiles in the Americas as early as 700 BC, and the Aztecs dyed cloth with it. It reached Europe in the 16th century, and Spain held a monopoly on the trade until 1820. Around 70,000 insects are needed for one pound of dye. Carmine is still used as a food and cosmetic colorant, labeled E120 in the EU.

Safety

Made from cochineal insects; can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. Handle dry pigment with care: avoid breathing the dust and contact with eyes. Wear a dust mask (FFP2/N95) and gloves when working with the powder, work in a well-ventilated area and wipe up spills with a damp cloth. Do not eat, drink or smoke while working; wash your hands afterwards. Keep away from children and pets. For artistic and technical use only — not for cosmetics, food or tattoos.

FAQ

Is carmine lightfast?

No. It is rated 3 of 8 on the Blue Wool Scale (supplier data) and fades in daylight, fastest in thin watercolor washes. Keep finished work out of direct light.

What is the difference between Carmine and Carmine varnish?

Both come from cochineal. Carmine is the concentrated pigment, an almost black-purple powder; Carmine varnish is a lighter, raspberry-pink carmine lake that also works in oil.

Is carmine vegan?

No. It is made from insects, so it is not vegan.